What is IUT ?
Intrauterine blood transfusion or IUT is an invasive prenatal therapeutic procedure performed due to severe anaemia and hydrops developed in the foetus.
Why is Intrauterine blood transfusion Done ?
IUT is done when the fetus suffers from Rh incompatibility, parovirus B19 or twin to twin transfusion syndrome.
How to manage post Intrauterine blood transfusion care?
It is recommended to stay in observation at the hospital as per doctor’s suggestion after the procedure. Post procedure the patient may experience some abdominal discomfort in which case simple painkillers like paracetamol can be taken. In case of severe pain, bleeding, fluid leakage through the vagina or a fever seek medical advice. Additional transfusions may be needed depending on the fetus's condition.
How is Intrauterine blood transfusion Done?
- Local anaesthesia is administered.
- The foetus is administered a paralytic to minimise injury to itself by movement.
- An ultrasound guided needle is inserted through the amniotic sac and into a vessel of the umbilical cord (IVT or intravascular transfusion). When this is not possible due to foetal positioning then the needle is inserted into the abdomen of the foetus (IPT or intraperitoneal transfusion).
- Generally 30-200ml of blood is transfused to the foetus depending upon the level of anaemia.
- Blood samples of the fetus are taken before and after the procedure to determine blood count.
What are the risks associated with Intrauterine blood transfusion ?
Complications of IUT include foetal distress leading to cesarean section or premature labour.